@Article{GamelinCarvKaya:2020:CoInEN,
               author = "Gamelin, Brandi L. and Carvalho, Leila M. V. and Kayano, Mary 
                         Toshie",
          affiliation = "{University of California} and {University of California} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "The combined influence of ENSO and PDO on the spring UTLS ozone 
                         variability in South America",
              journal = "Climate Dynamics",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "55",
               number = "5/6",
                pages = "1539--1562",
                month = "Sept.",
             keywords = "ENSO, PDO, ENSO teleconnections, Upper troposphere-lower 
                         stratosphere ozone, Rossby wave trains, South America.",
             abstract = "Ozone in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) is 
                         primarily regulated by tropospheric dynamics. Understanding 
                         mechanisms driving ozone variability at the UTLS is crucial to 
                         evaluate the transport of mass to and from the lower stratosphere. 
                         The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the primary coupled 
                         mode acting on interannual timescales modulating tropospheric 
                         circulation worldwide. ENSO teleconnections can depend on the 
                         phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and on the 
                         characteristics of the warming over central and eastern tropical 
                         Pacific. This study investigates the role of ENSO on UTLS ozone 
                         variability with focus on South America and examines patterns of 
                         teleconnections in the two recent warm (1980-1997) and cool 
                         (1998-2012) PDO phases. The dominant mode of ozone variability is 
                         identified by applying a principal component analysis (PCA) to 
                         modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, 
                         Version 2 (MERRA-2) ozone data from September-November (SON). SON 
                         is the season with the largest UTLS ozone variance over South 
                         America. The first mode resembles a Rossby wave train across South 
                         America with spatial patterns dependent on PDO phase. We show that 
                         the ENSO teleconnections and respective influences on SON UTLS 
                         ozone are stronger during the cool PDO when ENSO and PDO are 
                         mostly in phase. Additionally, the strength of the ENSO 
                         teleconnection appears to depend on patterns of SST anomalies over 
                         tropical Pacific. The decadal variability in the ENSO-PDO 
                         relationships and teleconnections with the Southern Hemisphere 
                         resulted in a shift in upper tropospheric circulation in tropical 
                         and subtropical regions of South America.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s00382-020-05340-0",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05340-0",
                 issn = "0930-7575",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "gamelin_combined.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}